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زغالسنگ نام کانی سیاهرنگی است که از پسماند مواد گیاهی دورانهای قدیم زمینشناختی (میلیونها سال پیش) تشکیل شدهاست و بهعنوان سوخت و نیز مادهٔ اولیهٔ برخی صنایع شیمیایی برای تولید گاز، کُک، روغن، قطران و غیره استفاده میشود. برخی از زمینشناسان بر این باورند که زغالسنگ کانی نیست. بخش بزرگی از جِرم زغالسنگ کربن است. از دیگر ترکیبات زغالسنگ میتوان به هیدروژن، نیتروژن، اکسیژن و گوگرد اشاره کرد . انواع زغالسنگ در دورانهای گوناگون زمینشناسی و تحت شرایط مختلفی به وجود آمدهاند. پوده (تورب) ، نخستین مرحله تشکیل زغالسنگ است.
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این باتلاق ها منبع اصلی انرژی گرمایی در کشورهایی مانند اسکاتلند، ایرلند و روسیه است. در شرایط مناسب نوع نارس می تواند طی فرآیند کربونیزاسیون به زغال سنگ تبدیل شود. کربونیزاسیون تحت فشار و دمای بسیار بالا صورت می گیرد. معرفی: زغال سنگ (Coal)، یکی از مهمترین سوختهای فسیلی است که در دسته مواد رسوبی طبقه بندی میشود.
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